The concept of appropriation is frequently used in publications concerning uses of technologies. Firstly elaborated to analyze difficulties in diffusion of innovation, it was usually linked with characteristics of organization where those innovations were implemented. This concept knows great improvements in

recent years. On one side, it is now common practice to link appropriation and characteristics of technology used. This “technology side” of appropriation is especially well described by the “Adaptative Structuration Theory”. On the other side, it is common practice too to link appropriation with characteristics of users (interactions in groups, etc.). This “user side” of appropriation can be treated with the “Theory of practice”. But, those frameworks appear not able to take really into account the “organization side” of appropriation. By presenting three case studies, this paper shows that it is necessary to reintroduce this “side” to have a complete analysis of appropriation.